As the core construction link of the data center, the refrigeration system is related to whether it can achieve safe and efficient operation, but there are often huge differences between actual applications and planning.

In this regard, Yan Han made a detailed interpretation of the data center cooling architecture from the two key dimensions of efficiency and effectiveness.

Key factors affecting the design of refrigeration architecture

Investing in the construction of a data center requires a lot of human, material, and financial resources from users. From this perspective, whether the data center can be profitable is one of the concerns of users.

According to a survey by a third-party organization, the size of the Chinese data center market in 2017 reached 94.6 billion yuan, consuming 122.1 billion kWh of electricity, and averaging 1.291 kWh of electricity for every dollar earned. This energy index is quite high, while in 2018 There is still no major improvement in the year.

The reasons for this situation mainly come from the intensification of cloud computing competition, the increase in labor service costs, and the fact that energy efficiency has not improved significantly.

More importantly, the energy efficiency of most data centers is not as much improved as imagined. This is because their cooling architecture has not changed much. This requires further research on how to optimize the cooling architecture to help the data center achieve more. Profit.

Through in-depth analysis of data center location, overall operating costs, data center profit, IT load and other content, Vertiv believes that the price, operation and maintenance structure, PUE, IT availability rate, rental plan of water grid and other resources It is the five major factors that affect the profitability of the data center.

On this basis, choosing different cooling architectures will not only bring different levels of PUE, but will also have an impact on the matching ability of IT load ratio, operation and maintenance and labor costs.

So, what is the concept of data center cooling architecture, and how to plan and design it?

The data center cooling architecture refers to a model that uses a certain cooling method and temperature and humidity design to make the entire data center form a reasonable indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, heat transfer medium flow, and pressure dynamic equilibrium state.

The construction of a complete data center cooling architecture depends on four factors: dynamic balance, adjustment capability, transmission cycle, and control logic.

The "golden rule" of energy saving in refrigeration architecture

To achieve dynamic balance in the data center cooling architecture, it is necessary to consider the overall constraints of the architectural factors, and the destruction of any link will cause the loss of the entire system security, which requires a more comprehensive understanding of the system's dynamic balance and security considerations.

The cooling architecture is for IT services, and the regulation capability determines the energy efficiency of the system. Many data centers are in a low-load state at the initial stage. Therefore, how to meet the needs of gradual development, regulation capability is very important.

At the same time, both air-cooled systems and water-cooled systems will face the resistance caused by the viscous friction of the fluid, which is the core problem in the transmission process.

With the increase of service life, the water system will inevitably have a decrease in efficiency and a change in water resistance due to dirty plugging, and the efficiency will decrease year by year. Even if the natural cooling source is transmitted, due to the time-wise statistical cooling effect in the design, there is a big difference between the theoretical and practical energy-saving time.

In addition, in terms of control logic, it is necessary to pay attention to avoid uncontrollable control. Even today's popular fully automatic operation and maintenance faces insurmountable problems in centralized water cooling systems, such as complex system architecture, high cost, and multi-variable interaction Wait.

Based on a comprehensive analysis of data center cooling architecture design factors, Vertiv Technology (Vertiv) summarized the "twelve skills" to achieve data center cooling architecture improvement:

No matter what kind of data center cooling architecture, the most important premise is to be able to achieve landing; in addition, we must also give priority to meeting business needs, have reliable operating logic, ensure that investment and construction speed match, all-time natural Continuous use of cold, modularization to meet rapid construction, prefabricated and building matching, architecture and heat density matching, reducing the need for personnel intervention, intelligent system automatic control, sustainable growth of cooling architecture, matching architecture and resources.

It can be said that mastering the above-mentioned "twelve skills" of building a data center cooling architecture, the security and profitability of the data center will be multiplied.

Yan Han summed up the three golden rules to be followed for energy saving in the data center cooling architecture, that is, adopting a suitable architecture to meet the needs of different customers; aiming at the overall TCOzui of the data center; and keeping the real-time efficiency of each computer room always high. In fact, this is the true meaning of energy saving in the data center cooling architecture.

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